The findings were published on March 31 in The Journal of Archaeology, Consciousness and Culture. I am a professional childrens book illustrator who likes creating illustrations, that appeal to both children. The researchers now hope to analyze how many people could be together at the same time in these caves with limited amounts of oxygen and for how long. What's more, the authors only simulated the effect that torches have on oxygen in the caves, but other parameters such as human respiration or natural chemical reactions that take place in caves can even further decrease oxygen concentration, they wrote. However, altered states of consciousness "could be achieved in these contexts via other agencies than hypoxia," the authors wrote. There are some parts of the caves that were more ventilated that also contained these depictions. The findings suggest that the ancient people sought altered states of consciousness and created cave depictions as "a way to maintain their connection with the entities" of the underworld. They were seen as "portals that connect to the underworld," lead author Yafit Kedar, a doctoral candidate in the Department of Archaeology and Near Eastern Cultures at Tel Aviv University, told Live Science in an email. In Photos: New human ancestor possibly unearthed in Spanish caveĬaves had a special significance for these ancient civilizations. In Photos: Shimmering cave of the crystals Federal Art Project Gallery 1 print (poster) : silkscreen, color. (At least the visual kind.) In appearance, Mood’s 3-D printed frames look. Exhibition of oil paintings by artists in the easel division of the W.P.A. Print Title: Hallucination I, Artist: Melissa Wang Print Type: Museum Quality Fine Art Print, perfect for framing Paper Size: 14x14 inches, Image Size: 14x14. In Photos: Stunning stalagmite structures discovered in French cave Wayfarer, meet way out: Hungarian artist Bence Agoston has created a pair of sunglasses that can simulate hallucination. "We contend that entering these deep, dark caves was a conscious choice, motivated by an understanding of the transformative nature of an underground, oxygen-depleted space." "Hypoxia might well be a plausible explanation for many of the depiction locations, which are far from the cave mouth and require passing through low, narrow passages," the authors wrote. The researchers hypothesize that ancient people crawled into these deep, dark spaces to induce altered states of consciousness. For caves with low ceilings or small halls, the oxygen concentration dipped as low as 11%, which would cause the more severe symptoms of hypoxia. Such low levels of oxygen can induce hypoxia in the body, a condition that can cause headache, shortness of breath, confusion and restlessness but hypoxia also increases the hormone dopamine in the brain, which can sometimes lead to hallucinations and out-of-body experiences, according to the study. In most of the simulations, oxygen concentrations dropped from the natural atmosphere level of 21% to 18% after being inside the caves for only about 15 minutes. They found that oxygen concentration depended on the height of the passageways, with the shorter passageways having less oxygen.
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